Monday 18 June 2018

Since neither democracy nor authoritarianism really works...

Perhaps representatives should be selected by random number generator as some kind of fair sampling of the population. If the person declines, just draw another one until a suitable number is met.

Never allow a single person to make any decisions, but instead have all decisions made by some set of representatives which are shuffled every now and them. To guarantee a majority decision, always use odd number of representatives.

Bonus principle: after every term let's select by random 50% of the representatives for the next term so the system may also utilize experience to certain degree (hopefully healthy degree).


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TV-series I've recently enjoyed:

12 Monkeys
The Crossing
Marvels Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
Designated Survivor
Helix
Van Helsing
Blacklist

Friday 15 June 2018

It's often better to do nothing at all than to take two steps back an only one step forward

According to the Holographic principle the number of "bits" associated with a horizon (such as the event horizon of a black hole or Hubble horizon of the observable universe where objects recede from us at the speed of light due to the expansion of space and which also limits the patch that is causally connected to us in the cosmos) is proportional to the area of the horizon (in Planck units).

If one assumes the total energy of such patch of cosmos is distributed evenly among the horizon degrees of freedom according to the thermodynamic equipartition theorem, there exists a corresponding force as a result of the tendency of the universe to increase its entropy (second law of thermodynamics). This mechanism may be responsible for both the tradiational forms of gravity and the cosmological constant.

Already a fairly naive calculation finds that the value of the cosmological constant (associated with dark energy) would be in the correct ballpark respect to the observations. If this mechanism is real then there might be no need for any special dark energy.
T = 13.8e9; % current age of the universe (in years)
G = 6.674e-11;
c = 299792458;
hbar = 1.0546e-34;
ly = 9.4607e15; % lightyear (in meters)
lp = sqrt(hbar*G/c^3); % Planck length

R = T*ly % radius of causally connected universe (in meters) or c/H (Hubble horizon)
r = R/lp % radius in Planck lengths
N = pi*r^2 % number of bits associated with the Hubble horizon

  % btw. this value of N is approx. 2^407 which when interpreted (kind of) classically
  % suggests that no quantum computer with more than 407 ideal qubits will work as expected
  % but if these are qubits instead of bits then no such conclusion is true

  % Schwarzschild radius of the Hubble sphere: rs = 2*G*M/c^2 =>

M = R*c^2/2/G         % SI units
m = M/sqrt(hbar*c/G); % in Planck units

  % [arXiv:1001.0785v1]
  % equipartition of energy among the horizon degrees of freedom: 0.5*kT = m/(pi*r^2)

kT = m/(pi*r^2)/0.5

  % entropic force F = kT * gradient(N) =>
  
F = kT*2*pi*r;

  % Second Friedmann equation: a''/a = -4*pi*(rho/3 + p) + Lambda/3
  % Cosmic expansion: r''/r = F/(mr)

F/(m*r) % ~ 6e-122 so we are in the correct ballpark [arXiv:1105.3105v1]
4/r^2   % m is actually irrelevant if you model the universe this way, but 
        % you could also just take the directly observed values and arrive at similar lambda

  % additionally by combining the Unruh temperature T = a*hbar/(2*pi*c*k),
  % Newton's second law F = ma and area of holographic surface A = 4*pi*r^2,
  % one arrives at the Newton's law of universal gravitation F = GmM/r^2

Friday 8 June 2018

Some speculation on indeterministic experience in deterministic cosmos

The state of the observable universe is described accoring to the Bekenstein bound by the information contained in less than 10^123 bits (or qubits depending on your preferred interpretation). This particular number makes the corresponding wavefunction of the observable universe 10^123-dimensional (pi*c^3*r^2/G/hbar/log(2)). While that's huge, it's still only finite even if the cosmos itself might be infinite.

For an observer at the very edge of our observable universe, their observable universe is described by a different set of bits compared to ours. As we are still causally connected, we share some of those bits, but not all. Their Hubble sphere (causally connected part of space limited by the expansion of space at the speed of light 13.8 billion light years from here) is different from ours, yet they overlap partially. This is to some degree true for all observers so if one wanted to be poetic, one could say we share reality with other people, but our realities are not the same.

We may speculate that some of the bits constituting the observers Hubble sphere may be changed by accelerating. Or perhaps one should say what constitutes their Hubble sphere can move or change. A kind of corresponding phenomenon is called the Unruh-effect which causes accelerating observers to observe (thermal) radiation in vacuum where none used to be. There are a number of ways to justify this. One is to look at the Minkowski diagram of an accelerating observer and notice that there exists a (Rindler) horizon that separates a causally disconnected region of space from them and this leads to an effect that is essentially the same as Hawking radiation of a black hole. Another way is to consider what would happen to vacuum fluctuations under acceleration and notice they gain energy. Something similar happens in the dynamical Casimir effect.
However, on some very general level one might also think that this sort of radiation originates from outside of their initially causally connected region of space. If this is the case, then it is not surprising that nature of such fluctuations appear indeterministic to the observer.

Quantum indeterminism may be a result of previously causally disconnected information getting mixed into our reality in certain types of phenomena like acceleration. These types of phenomena are closely related to entanglement and according to ER=EPR conjecture the existence of space is basically a result of entanglement. This would suggest that entanglement is also related to expansion of the universe, the cosmological constant and dark energy. It would be kind of nice to get rid of indeterminism and dark energy all at once.

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https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.10454.pdf

Finally getting data that might assist with quantum gravity?

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One may think one culture is superior to others even if it's shit. It's just less shit compared to the others (one is aware of). At least that's what I mostly think. Generally speaking I'm not a big fan of any culture. I'd like to think it's more important that a society is governed by scientific thinking, analytical problem solving and progressive explorative goals which aim to maximize personal freedom, physical well-being and long term sustainability.


Freedom of Speech: The right to tell people what they don't want to hear. Unfortunately this view doesn't seem particularly popular these days. Short of lying about personally harmful information, I'm pretty much in favor of absolute freedom of speech without exceptions.

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I think it is ok for authors (please let's not call them creators, they are not gods) to ask for money for copies of their works (please let's not devalue these works by calling them content) in order to gain income (the term compensation falsely implies it is a matter of making up for some kind of damages).

— Richard Stallman

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I wonder if I'd get more done if I were rich... oh well, I guess we'll never know.